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1. Background and objectives In 2008 a background document regarding the influence of laying and operating underwater cables on the marine environment and nature was published in the framework
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Abstract Hundreds of millions of kilometers of optical fiber is installed throughout the world with an impressive history of mechanical reliability and optical performance. This paper summarizes some of
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In particular, the number of offshore wind farm transmission cables is predicted to grow rapidly. This could intensify potential environmental impacts resulting from submarine cables. Developments in
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